![]() ![]() The term blunt thoracic trauma, or, more informally, blunt chest injury, encompasses a variety of injuries to the chest. Blunt injuries to the kidney from helmets, shoulder pads, and knees are described in American football, association football, martial arts, and all-terrain vehicle crashes.Ī depiction of flail chest, a very serious blunt chest injury Blunt thoracic trauma The priority in assessing blunt trauma in sports injuries is separating contusions and musculo-tendinous injuries from injuries to solid organs and the gut and recognizing potential for developing blood loss, and reacting accordingly. The supervised environment in which most sports injuries occur allows for mild deviations from the traditional trauma treatment algorithms, such as ATLS, due to the greater precision in identifying the mechanism of injury. countries, specifically the UK) is well reported. Finally, the occurrence of splenic rupture with mild blunt abdominal trauma in those recovering from infectious mononucleosis or 'mono' (also known as 'glandular fever' in non-U.S. Although these are rare examples, it has been suggested that they are caused by applying excessive pressure when performing these life-saving techniques. In rare cases, this injury has been attributed to medical techniques such as the Heimlich maneuver, attempts at CPR and manual thrusts to clear an airway. When blunt abdominal trauma is complicated by 'internal injury,' the liver and spleen (see blunt splenic trauma) are most frequently involved, followed by the small intestine. Classic examples of these mechanisms are a hepatic tear along the ligamentum teres and injuries to the renal arteries. This can cause tearing of the mesentery of the bowel and injury to the blood vessels that travel within the mesentery. ĭeceleration, on the other hand, causes stretching and shearing at the points where mobile contents in the abdomen, like bowel, are anchored. This force may deform a hollow organ, increasing its intraluminal or internal pressure and possibly lead to rupture. The former occurs from a direct blow, such as a punch, or compression against a non-yielding object such as a seat belt or steering column. There are two basic physical mechanisms at play with the potential of injury to intra-abdominal organs: compression and deceleration. Initially, there may be few indications that serious internal abdominal injury has occurred, making assessment more challenging and requiring a high degree of clinical suspicion. 75% of BAT occurs in motor vehicle crashes, in which rapid deceleration may propel the driver into the steering wheel, dashboard, or seatbelt, causing contusions in less serious cases, or rupture of internal organs from briefly increased intraluminal pressure in the more serious, depending on the force applied. Classification Blunt abdominal trauma Abdominal CT showing left renal artery injuryīlunt abdominal trauma (BAT) represents 75% of all blunt trauma and is the most common example of this injury. Blunt trauma to the head and/or severe blood loss are the most likely causes of death due to blunt force traumatic injury. In some cases, blunt force trauma can be life-threatening and may require immediate medical attention. The severity of these injuries depends on factors such as the force of the impact, the area of the body affected, and underlying comorbidities of the affected individual. īlunt trauma can lead to a wide range of injuries including contusions, concussions, abrasions, lacerations, internal or external hemorrhages, and bone fractures. Such incidents often occur with road traffic collisions, assaults, sports-related injuries, and are notably common among the elderly who experience falls. Blunt trauma occurs due to direct physical trauma or impactful force to a body part. Blunt trauma stands in contrast with penetrating trauma, which occurs when an object pierces the skin, enters body tissue, and creates an open wound. Blunt injury, non-penetrating trauma, traumaīruising, occasionally complicated as hypoxia, ventilation-perfusion mismatch, hypovolemia, reduced cardiac outputīlunt trauma, also known as blunt force trauma or non-penetrating trauma, describes a physical trauma due to a forceful impact without penetration of the body's surface. ![]()
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